How to work lithium cell charging and discharging .
The process of charging and discharging lithium-ion batteries is based on the movement of lithium ions between the two electrodes (anode and cathode) of the battery through the electrolyte solution.
Charging Process:
When lithium-cell is being charged, a voltage difference is applied to the cell, with the positive terminal of the external power supply connected to its cathode and the negative terminal connected to its anode.
During the charging process, the movement of lithium ions occurs in the opposite direction in comparison to the discharging process. The lithium ions diffuse from the cathode to the anode and attach to the anode's surface.
This absorption of lithium ions by the anode increases the energy stored in the battery. The rate of absorption and the voltage of the battery determine the rate and speed of the charging process.
Discharging Process:
The discharging process involves the use of the stored energy in the battery, which occurs during the application of a load to the battery.
When the device is turned on, the voltage potential causes the lithium ions to move from the anode to the cathode, generating a flow of electrons, which passes through the external circuit and powers the device.
As the battery discharges, the anode's lithium ion concentration decreases while the cathode's increases, limiting the battery's ability to supply the current required by the load.
When the battery is almost depleted, the electrons move slowly, and the voltage starts falling inversely proportional to the discharged capacity. Eventually, the battery voltage will be too low to support the connected device, signaling the end of its useful charge.
It's important to note that the charging and discharging process of lithium-ion batteries depend on various factors like temperature, charging rate, overvoltage, deep discharging, etc. Following the manufacturer's guidelines and recommendations for usage and charging is critical for optimal performance and safety.
